1972
Politicus and leider van het AfD in Thuringia, Duitsland
Politician and leader of the AfD in Thuringia, Germany
Höcke blends anti-elite rhetoric, emotional nationalism, hardline anti-immigration policies, and attacks on democratic institutions, and frames them as restoring the will of the “real” people. He rallies supporters by portraying himself as the only leader willing to challenge an entrenched, corrupt establishment and defend national identity.
- Dilan
- Yeşilgöz
- 1977
Nederlandse politicus en leider van de VVD
Dutch politician and leader of the People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD)
Uses emotional, people-focused messaging and tough migration/security stances. Although considered a moderate populist, she does not shy away from using simplifications, untruths, and exaggerations to reach a political goal.
1964
Britse politicus en leider van Reform UK
British politician and Leader of Reform UK
portrays himself as the voice of “ordinary people” against a distant political elite, using simple slogans, pub-friendly charisma, and relentless calls for national sovereignty. Farage frames politics as a struggle between the will of the people and an unresponsive establishment. His campaigns have focused on immigration control, direct democracy, and reclaiming decision-making from unelected bureaucrats.
- Geert
- Wilders
- 1963
Nederlands politicus en leider van de PVV
Dutch politician and leader of the Party for Freedom, PVV
Wilders frames politics as a struggle between “ordinary Dutch citizens” and an out-of-touch political elite, promising to put “the Dutch first.” His rhetoric is direct, polarizing, and often theatrical, focusing on cultural preservation, strict immigration control, and national independence
1988
Nederlandse ambtenaar en fractielid voor Forum voor Democratie (FVD)
Dutch Civil Servant and politician representing Forum for Democracy (FVD) in the House of Representatives
Champions direct democracy through referendums, strong national sovereignty, and the defense of civil liberties—especially freedom of speech and (violent)protest—while frequently positioning himself against established political norms and institutions. His confrontational style calls for transparency and framing of politics as a fight between “the people” and an unaccountable elite.
- Jair
- Bolsonaro
- 1955
Braziliaans politicus en voormalig president van Brazilie
Brazilian politician and Former President of Brazil
portrayed himself as the defender of Brazil’s traditions, sovereignty, and moral order. In a combative style, he frequently targeted political opponents, journalists, the judiciary, and international organizations. Rather than softening his tone for diplomatic purposes, he frames these clashes as proof that he is “telling the truth” and fighting on behalf of ordinary Brazilians against an entrenched elite.
1970
Argentijnse politicus en President van Argentinië
Argentine politician and President of Argentina
Milei is known for his fiery, anti-establishment rhetoric and libertarian views. He frequently attacks the political establishment and institutions like the Argentine Central Bank and proposes radical economic reforms. His politics follow a populist formula of identifying an “enemy,” praising “the people,” and offering dramatic solutions, reinforced by emotional, confrontational language and theatrical delivery.
1968
Franse politica en leider van Rassemblent National
French Politician and leader of the National Rally Party
Le Pen stresses protecting French culture, language, and traditions, opposing immigration policies she sees as diluting national identity. She portrays mainstream politicians, bureaucrats, and EU officials as out touch and working against the interests of ordinary French citizens.
- Georgia
- Meloni
- 1977
Italiaanse Politica en Minister President van Italië
Italian Politician and Prime Minister of Italy
Meloni presents herself as a defender of traditional Italian values against both domestic and global elites. Her rhetoric emphasizes national sovereignty, cultural identity, and economic self-reliance, while criticizing the European Union and other perceived external pressures.
- Stephen
- Miller
- 1985
Amerikaanse beleidsadviseur en adviseur binnenlandse veiligheid voor het Witte huis
American political advisor and White House deputy chief of staff for policy, and the 12th United States homeland security advisor
Miller advocates nationalist and identity-based policies, focusing on defending a specific vision of “ordinary Americans” against outsiders or elites, rather than purely economic redistribution. He frames immigration from Muslim countries as a threat to the United States and ‘ordinary Americans’